Wren Research Journals is committed to maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the scholarly record. When concerns arise regarding published content, the journal follows a structured and transparent process for issuing corrections, retractions or editorial expressions of concern, in line with established publishing ethics.

1. Corrections

Corrections are issued when a published article contains errors that may affect clarity, accuracy or interpretation but do not invalidate the overall findings of the work.

• Authors, readers or editors may notify the journal of errors in published content. 
• The editorial team evaluates the reported issue and determines whether a correction is necessary. 
• If approved, a formal correction notice is published and linked to the original article. 
• The original article remains part of the scholarly record with a clear indication that it has been corrected.

2. Retractions
Retractions are issued when findings are determined to be unreliable due to serious issues such as misconduct, significant errors, plagiarism or unethical research practices.

• Retraction decisions may result from investigations initiated by the journal, authors’ institutions or external parties. 
• Authors may be consulted during the investigation, but final decisions rest with the editorial board. 
• A retraction notice is published, clearly stating the reasons for retraction and is permanently linked to the original article. 
• The original article is marked as retracted but retained for transparency and academic record purposes. 

3. Editorial Expressions of Concern
An expression of concern may be issued when there is inconclusive evidence of a potential problem with a published article or when an investigation is ongoing and results are not yet available.

• This notice serves to alert readers to possible issues while the matter is being reviewed. 
• It remains in place until the investigation is completed and a final decision is made regarding correction or retraction. 
• Once resolved, the expression of concern is either removed or replaced with a correction or retraction notice, as appropriate. 

4. Transparency and Integrity
All actions related to corrections, retractions and expressions of concern are handled with transparency and in accordance with international best practices in scholarly publishing. The journal ensures that decisions are based on evidence, fairness and academic integrity.

Wren Research Journals is committed to preserving the reliability of the scientific record and upholding the highest standards of publication ethics.